Intercepting all System Calls by Hooking KiFastSystemCall
Usually I don’t post things like this, but because KiFastSystemCall hooking only works on x86 systems and doesn’t work on Windows 8 or above, it no longer has much use in malware. There are also multiple public implementations for this method, just not very elegant, which I hope to correct. …
Code Mutation (Polymorphism)
Before we start it’s probably best to explain some things: Signature – A pattern of bytes used by an antivirus to identify malicious executables, this could be a string, parts of a function, or a hash. Crypting – This is the most common way of evading antivirus detections, it works …
Bootkit Disk Forensics – Part 3
Getting Original Pointers XP is a little more complicated than newer systems due to the use of a single driver for both port and miniport; however, getting the original pointers is fairly straight forward depending on how you do it. IRP_MJ_SCSI & DriverStartIo – Method 1 (Windows XP) A common …
Bootkit Disk Forensics – Part 2
DriverStartIo As I explained in the previous article: DriverStartIo is used by older miniports to actually perform the disk I/O, it takes 2 parameters (a device object and an IRP), exactly the same as IoCallDriver does. The call to DriverStartIo is done with IoStartPacket; however, the device object passed is …
Bootkit Disk Forensics – Part 1
Recently I got the idea to play around with bypassing bootkit disk filters from an email i received, which highlighted that my MBR spoofing code was able to get underneath the driver of a popular forensics tool, preventing it from reading the real disk sectors. Although I believe disk forensics …
RIG Exploit Kit – Source Code Leak
As the past has show us, cybercriminals are not the most trustworthy people when it come to holding valuable sources, and it looks like we’re about to get another reminder of that, this time with an exploit pack leak. RIG is a popular exploit kit which has been around for …
Using Kernel Rootkits to Conceal Infected MBR
If you’ve look at any of the major bootkits such as TDL4 and Rovnix, you’ve probably noticed they employ certain self defense features to prevent removal; specifically, intercepting read/write requests to the boot sectors. While these defense mechanisms can fool some software, they may, in some cases, make infections even …
Inline Hooking for Programmers (Part 2: Writing a Hooking Engine)
We’ll be writing a hooking engine using trampoline based hooks as explained in the previous article (we don’t handle relative instructions as they’re very rare, but we do use atomic write operations to prevent race conditions). First things first, we need to define the proxy functions which we will redirect …
Inline Hooking for Programmers (Part 1: Introduction)
A lot of my articles have been aimed at giving a high-level insight into malware for beginners, or those unfamiliar with specific concepts. Today I’ve decided to start a new series designed to familiarize people with malware internals on a programming level. This will not be a tutorial aimed towards …
Distributed Denial Of Service (DDoS) for Beginners
Distributed Denial Of Service, or DDoS, is an attack in which multiple devices send data to a target device (usually a server), with the hope of rendering the network connection or a system application unusable. There are many forms of DDoS attack, but almost all modern attacks are either at …